Last month we took a short vacation in the Lake District and stayed in Wasdale whose tag-line is highest mountain, deepest lake.  The mountain is Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England at 978 m, which we never saw because the clouds never lifted high enough to reveal it.  The lake is Wast Water, the deepest lake in England at 74 m, which rose slowly during our week due to the almost continuous rain falling on the surrounding hills.  But that’s typical Lake District weather because the area protrudes to the west of England so it is the first landfall for rainstorms moving east after they have replenished with water over the Irish Sea.  We spent our time reading in our cottage and venturing out to walk in lowlands when the lake was a calm presence, occasionally reflecting the surrounding mountains but more often dark reflecting the low clouds.  We were not tempted to test its temperature but I would expect it to have been around 4 °C because this is the temperature of the water in the depths of all deep lakes all year around.  Hence, in winter the surface layers of water will usually be colder than 4 °C and in summer warmer than 4 °C reflecting the air temperature, so in spring when we visited it would probably have been around 4 °C.  Water expands when it freezes which is possible on the surface of bodies of water where it can expand into the air; however, at depths in deep lakes the pressure prevents the expansion required for the freezing process and equilibrium between opposing processes occurs at about 4 °C.  Thus, the water at the bottom of all deep lakes remains at 4 °C all year with a gradient of increasing temperatures towards the surface in summer and of decreasing temperatures in winter.

Wasdale also claims the smallest church, St Olaf’s and the biggest liar, Will Ritson (1808-1890) who was a landlord of the Wastwater Hotel.  He won the annual world’s biggest liar competition by saying, when it was his turn, that he was withdrawing from the competition because having heard the other competitors he could not tell a bigger lie.

Image: Wast Water with clouds sitting on Great Gable at the east end of the lake.