Category Archives: Uncategorized

Sleeping on the job

Decorative image onlyAt the end of 2023, following my visit to IBM [see ‘Chirping while calculating probabilities‘ on November 22nd, 2023], I spent a significant amount of time trying to understand quantum computing and exploring its potential applications in my research.  It was really challenging because, as one article I read stated, quantum-mechanical phenomena appear to be weird and the mathematical tools used to model them are complex and abstract.  Just to make it harder you have to learn a new language or at least new terminology and mathematical notation.  I have always found that my unconscious mind is capable of solving mathematical problems given sufficient time and sleep.  However, the mathematics of quantum computing took many nights of unconscious thought to assemble into some sort of understanding and left me with mild headaches.  Around the same time I was reading one of Cormac McCarthy’s new novels, Stella Maris, which consists entirely of a psychologist interviewing a mathematician who is a patient in a hospital. They discuss that mathematical work is performed mostly in the unconscious mind and we have no notion as to how the mind goes about it.  They find it hard to avoid the conclusion that the unconscious mind does not use numbers.  I suspect that it does not use mathematical notation either; perhaps it is more a form of synaesthesia using three-dimensional shapes [see ‘Engineering synaesthesia‘ on September 21st, 2016].  A couple of pages before discussing the unconscious mind’s mathematical work, one of the protagonists comments that ‘If we were constructed with a continual awareness of how we worked we wouldn’t work’.  So, perhaps I should not probe too deeply into how I have acquired a rudimentary understanding of quantum computing.

BTW in case you missed my last post at the start of January [‘600th post and time for a change‘ on January 3rd 2024] and have been wondering what has happened to my weekly post – I have decided to switch to posting monthly on the first Wednesday of each month.

Source:

Cormac McCarthy, Stella Maris, Picador, 2022.

600th post and time for a change

Decorative photograph of a wind-shaped tree on a hillside in fogSimplism is the ideology of simple answers for complex problems and it appears to be gaining popularity as high-level reading skills decline around the world.  People without high-level reading skills also tend to lack high-level thinking skills and their need for simplicity is met by simplism delivered from a range of sources, including politicians. However, complex problems by definition can be viewed from multiple competing perspectives and have multiple possible solutions; so, simple answers are unlikely to be informative or represent reality.  While trying to provide intelligible clear explanations in this blog [see ‘When less is more from describing digital twins to protoplasm‘ on February 22nd, 2023], I have always tried to avoid over-simplification or any drift towards simplism.  I fear that my uncompromising approach to complex issues and the decline in high-level readers globally has led to a steady decline in the readership of this blog over the past twelve months (to about half the number in 2022 and the lowest level since 2015).  Or perhaps I have just run out of interesting original topics to share in posts.  In either case, my decision to stop writing regularly posts announced in September [see ‘Reflecting on the future of RealizeEngineering‘ on September 20th, 2023] seems appropriate.  This is the 600th post and represents 11 years of weekly posting (for those readers working out the mathematics: there were 21 posts before I started weekly posting), which seems an appropriate moment to change the pattern to monthly posts, on the first Wednesday of each month.

Source: Simon Kuper, The end of reading and the rise of simplism, FT Weekend Magazine, October 21/22, 2023.

Personale mappa mundi

I wrote a few weeks ago about appreciating a good infographic [see ‘Inconvenient data about electricity generation‘ on October 11th, 2023].  I realised recently that I had enjoyed another one vacation without appreciating it as an infographic.  During our vacation, we stopped for a few days in Hereford and visited the cathedral where they have a map of the world made around 1300, known as the Hereford Mappa Mundi.  The map is roughly circular with a diameter of about 1.5 m and is drawn on vellum made from calf skin.  It shows the history, geography and destiny of humanity from the perspective of Christian Europe seven hundred years ago with 500 drawings depicting towns, plants, animals and Biblical events – so more of an infographic than a map though of course the word ‘infographic’ had not been invented when it was produced more than 700 years ago.   The perspective is unusual to the modern eye and was described to us by a curator as the view that a fly would have of the surface of an apple as it crawled around on it.  It is arranged using an O and T motif, in which the T is inside the O creating three sectors.  Jerusalem is at the centre with Asia above it, and Africa and Europe to the bottom right and left respectively.  The idea of a fly crawling around on an apple set me thinking about what my map of the world would like from the perspective of the regions I have explored at ground level.  Most of the oceans would be very small because I have crossed them at about 500 mph in an aircraft, except for the seas around Europe which I visited by ship in the Royal Navy.  Liverpool would replace Jerusalem at the centre and North America would replace Africa in the bottom right because I have never been to Africa but I spent several years in North America. Asia at the top would feature images of universities and conference venues in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan squashed together because I have visited all of them several times but always by plane.  Europe would be shown in some detail with pictures of research laboratories though somewhat distorted due an emphasis on a few places that I have visited frequently when participating in research collaborations, such as Milan, Toulouse, Ulm and Zurich.  When we lived in the US, we made a number of road trips to both the east and west coasts as well as northwards into Canada, so North America would be shown in more detail than either Europe or Asia and would include family photographs.

Image: Philip Capper, Mappa Mundi (c.1290) Hereford Cathedral. CC BY 2.0.  https://www.flickr.com/photos/flissphil/1385520222

Aeonian cycles of creation and destruction

Many years ago I read Stephen Hawking’s book, A Brief History of Time.  I remember being captivated by the idea that the universe might be oscillating between phases of expansion and contraction.  The current expansion from the Big Bang might have been preceded, and could be followed, by a contraction to a Big Bang or Crunch.  A contracting universe would be governed by a different set of laws of physics; for example, the second law of thermodynamics would be reversed with every natural process leading to a reduction in entropy.  This idea might seem fanciful; however, it is not original because I recently discovered that the Sanskrit epic, Makabharata describes time as a giant wheel rotating through cycles of creation and destruction leading, over aeons, to the birth and death of entire worlds.

Sources:

Nilanjana Rana, Our time-poor lives, lived against a ticking clock, FT Weekend, May 26th 2023.

Stephen Hawking, A brief history of time, London: Random House, 1998.